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  1. Presidency of Bashar al-Assad - Wikipedia

    • The presidency of Bashar al-Assad began on 17 July 2000 succeeding his father, Hafez al-Assad who served as President of Syria from 1971 until his death on 10 June 2000, until his overthrow in 2024 during the Syrian civil war on 8 December. Assad's early economic liberalisation programs worsened inequalities and centralized the socio-political po… See more

    Background

    In 1988, Assad graduated from medical school and began working as an army doctor at Tishreen Military Hospital on the outskirts of Damascus. Four years later, he settled in London to start postgraduate training in … See more

    Early years

    After the death of Hafez al-Assad on 10 June 2000, the Constitution of Syria was amended. The minimum age requirement for the presidency was lowered from 40 to 34, which was Bashar's age at the time. Assad cont… See more

     
  1. Bashar al-Assad’s inner circle: Who are they and where are they …

  2. Bashar al-Assad - Wikipedia

    Bashar al-Assad [a] (born 11 September 1965) is a Syrian politician, military officer, and former dictator [1] who served as the 19th president of Syria from 2000 until his government was overthrown by Syrian rebels in December 2024.

  3. The Assad regime falls. What happens now? - Brookings

  4. Lebanon After the Assads - New Lines Institute

  5. Since Bashar al-Assad’s dictatorship fell, Syrian refugees ... - NPR

  6. The last days of Bashar al-Assad - Financial Times

  7. What Assad’s Fall Means for Lebanon - United States Institute of …

  8. The fall of Bashar Assad after 13 years of war in Syria brings to an ...

  9. Assad’s Downfall Opens the Door - Carnegie Endowment for ...

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